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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to learner-internal factors CLKs' awareness of the need to be pragmatic and the relational affordances they had access to were important. For instance the RIs from TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as an important factor in their decision to avoid expressing criticism of an uncompromising professor (see the second example). This article reviews all local published practical research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on practical important topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests The test for discourse completion is a common tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has many advantages but it also has its disadvantages. For example the DCT is unable to account for cultural and personal variations in communication. The DCT can also be biased and lead to overgeneralizations. It is important to carefully analyze the data before it is used for research or assessment. Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to alter the social variables that are relevant to the manner of speaking in two or more steps can be a strength. This can assist researchers study the role of prosody in communication across cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics the DCT has emerged as one of the most important tools for analyzing learners' communication behaviors. It can be used to investigate various issues, including the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choice. It can be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners in their speech. A recent study utilized an DCT to assess EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from, and were then asked to select the most appropriate response. The authors concluded that the DCT was more efficient than other methods of refusal that included a questionnaire as well as video recordings. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other data collection methods. DCTs are typically designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like the content and the form. These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of test developers. They may not be precise, and they could misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually refuse requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more research into different methods to assess the ability to refuse. A recent study compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students through email with the responses gathered from an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT encouraged more direct and traditionally indirect request forms, and a lesser use of hints than the email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study looked at Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. The participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate who participated in DCTs, MQs, and RIs. They were also asked to think about their evaluations and refusal performance in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four main factors such as their personalities, multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment. First, the MQ data were analyzed to determine the participants' pragmatic choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the selections with their linguistic performance using DCTs to determine if they were a sign of resistance to pragmatics. The interviewees also had to explain the reasons for choosing the pragmatic approach in certain situations. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and Z tests. 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트 were found to employ euphemistic phrases such as “sorry” or “thank you”. This could be due to their lack experience with the target languages, leading to an inadequate understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to converge towards L1 varied depending on the DCT situations. In Situations 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1- and L2-pragmatic norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms. The RIs revealed that CLKs were aware of their logical resistance to every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted in a one-to-one manner within two days after the participants completed the MQs. The RIs, which were recorded and transcribed by two coders independent of each other who then coded them. The coders worked in an iterative manner and involved the coders reading and discussing each transcript. The coding results were then evaluated against the original RI transcripts, which gave an indication of how well the RIs captured the underlying pragmatic behavior. Interviews for refusal The key question in pragmatic research is: Why do some learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study sought to answer this question by using a variety of experimental instruments, including DCTs MQs, DCTs, and RIs. Participants included 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were asked to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT situation. The results showed that, on average, the CLKs rejected native-speaker pragmatic norms in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even when they were able to produce patterns that resembled natives. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal factors such as their personalities and multilingual identities as well as ongoing lives. They also referred to external factors such as relational affordances. They described, for example, how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and social standards of their university. However, the interviewees also expressed concern about the social pressures and consequences that they could be subjected to if they strayed from their social norms. They were concerned that their native counterparts might view them as “foreignersand believe that they are unintelligent. This concern was similar in nature to the one expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are no longer the default preference of Korean learners. They may still be a useful model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reassess the usefulness of these tests in various contexts and in particular situations. This will allow them to better understand the effects of different cultural contexts on the pragmatic behavior and classroom interactions of students from L2. Moreover it will assist educators to create more effective methods to teach and test korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor at Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based in Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is a research strategy that utilizes in-depth, participant-centered investigations to investigate a specific topic. This method makes use of numerous sources of information including interviews, observations and documents, to confirm its findings. This kind of research is useful for examining specific or complex subjects that are difficult to quantify with other methods. The first step in the case study is to define the subject matter and the purpose of the study. This will help you determine which aspects of the topic are important to investigate and which can be omitted. It is also helpful to read the literature on to the subject to gain a greater understanding of the subject and place the case study in a broader theoretical context. This study was conducted on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that the L2 Korean students were highly susceptible to native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from the correct pragmatic inference. They also had an unnatural tendency to include their own text, or “garbage,” to their responses, further detracting from their response quality. Furthermore, the participants of this study were L2 Korean learners who had attained level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their third or second year of university and were hoping to achieve level 6 in their next attempt. They were asked to respond to questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, as well as pragmatic awareness and comprehension. The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each involving a hypothetical interaction with their interactants and asked to choose one of the following strategies when making an inquiry. They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice. Most of the participants attributed their pragmatism to their personality. TS for instance stated that she was difficult to get along with and would not inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they were working at a high rate, even though she believed native Koreans would.